ABSTRACT
In this study, it is aimed to examine the cognitive structures of health management students about Covid-19. The word association test was used to collect data in the study, which was designed according to the phenomenology design. In the test, covid-19 was determined as the key concept and the cognitive structures of the students were revealed through what Covid-19 evokes, what it is like, negative effects, positive effects and how it will shape the future. From the 80 students reached, a data set of 4000 words in total, 800 belonging to each category, was obtained and the data were themed by subjecting them to content analysis. In the analysis, "mask" and "distance" as connotations, "comprehension" and "plague" as analogy, "disruptions with education" and "disorder of psychology" as negative effects, "spending time with family" and "spending time for yourself" as positive effect and, as a future, the codes of "prudent life" and "increase in economic problems" have emerged. All codes were gathered in themes and top themes and interpreted. As a result, when it comes to Covid-19, university students have more connotations of precaution and protection;students likened Covid-19 to infectious or fatal diseases;restrictions and measures were considered at the beginning of the negative effects;as positive effects, the process was seen as an opportunity for development and learning, and there were thoughts that social life would transform in the future due to this epidemic.
ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: There is more pronounced hypercoagulation in COVID-19 infection than in other viral lung infections. Oxidized phospholipids (OxPLs) appear in COVID-19-infected lungs due to oxidative stress, after which they promote the induction of tissue factor (TF) expression and inflammatory programmers in monocytes, as well as activate endothelial cells to recruit and bind to monocytes. Therefore, we aimed to demonstrate the role of OxPLs in inflammatory and procoagulant responses in COVID-19 infection. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction test and ten healthy donors were included in the study. Peripheral blood was drawn at inclusion for OxPAPC, IFN-γ, and CCL2 serum level measurements. Clinical data were collected from electronic patient medical files. The serum levels of OxPAPC, IFNγ, and CCL2 were measured by immune assays. RESULTS: Seventy-two patients were included in the study. OxPAPC and CCL2 were higher in the patients than in the controls (<0.003 and 0.011, respectively). INF-γ did not significantly differ between groups. There was no difference between the patients with lung involvement and those without CCL2, INF-γ, and OxPAPC. D-dimer, CRP, and ferritin were higher in the patients with lung involvement. Serum levels of INF-γ and CCL2 were positively correlated with each other (r:0.757, p<0.0001), but no correlation was detected between OxPAPC and INF-γ or CCL2. There was no correlation between OxPAPC and hematologic or biochemical parameters. CONCLUSIONS: OxPAPC, which is thought to contribute to hypercoagulability, was found to be high in the patients with Covid-19 infection. The role of OxPLs in COVID-19-associated hypercoagulopathy should be investigated further in experimental models and in larger patient groups.